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11.
遥感与GIS在东亚飞蝗灾害研究中的应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
蝗灾属于毁灭性的生物灾害,它和水灾、旱灾一起构成人类社会的三大自然灾害,一旦爆发,对国家粮食安全、农民增收、社会安定可造成严重的影响。将遥感与GIS结合,对蝗虫生境特征、历史蝗灾记录、蝗害发生时有关数据进行集成和分析,可提供蝗灾时空变化、蝗灾范围、蝗灾程度、灭蝗的最佳时段等重要信息。本文重点论述遥感与GIS在蝗灾中的应用,以遥感反演的温度和水分为例来讨论蝗灾前后生境的变化状况,依靠遥感等高新技术实现飞蝗灾害监测的信息化。信息化监测与防蝗站观测相结合的方法已经成为监测蝗灾发生的最有效途径 相似文献
12.
用研究灾变规律的关键时方法分析了El Nio、La Nia事件和太阳活动对河南省东亚飞蝗 (Locus ta migratoria manilensis Meyen) 的影响。结果发现, El No和La Nia事件不会促使河南省沿黄地区东亚飞蝗的大发生, 并得出El Ni no和La Ni na事件对飞蝗大发生的影响主要通过影响其发生地的天气、气候 (主要是降水), 从而影响飞蝗的大发生。在太阳黑子相对数高年的后一年, 河南省东亚飞蝗大发生的可能性超过90%。 相似文献
13.
Zhenbo Liu Xuezheng Shi Eric Warner Yunjian Ge Dongsheng Yu Shaoxiang Ni Hongjie Wang 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008
Locust plagues have been the source of some of the most severe natural disasters in human history. Soil moisture content is among the most important of the numerous factors influencing plague onset and severity. This paper describes a study initiated in three pilot locust plague monitoring regions, i.e., Huangzao, Yangguanzhuang, and Tengnan in Huanghua county, Hebei province, China, to examine the impact of soil moisture status on oriental migratory locust [Locusta migratoria manilensis (L.) Meyen] plague breakout as related to the life cycle, oviposition in autumn, survival in winter, and incubation in summer. Thirty-nine temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) data sets, which represent soil moisture content, were extracted from MODIS remote sensing images for two representative time periods: a severe locust plague breakout year (2001–2002) and a slight plague year (2003–2004). TVDI values demonstrated distinctive soil moisture status differences between the 2 years concerned. Soil moisture conditions in the severe plague year were shown to be lower than those in slight plague year. In all three pilot regions, average TVDI value in the severe plague year was 0.07 higher than that in slight plague year, and monthly TVDI values in locust oviposition period (September and October) and incubation period (March, April and May) were higher than their corresponding monthly figures in slight plague year. No remarkable TVDI differences were found in other months during the locust life cycle between the 2 years. TVDI values for September and October (2001), March, April and May (2002) were 0.11, 0.08, 0.16, 0.11 and 0.16 higher than their corresponding monthly figures in 2003–2004 period, respectively. 相似文献
14.
内蒙古草原蝗虫大暴发的气象条件及预警 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过分析40年来内蒙古草原蝗虫大暴发的气象条件,发现：夏、秋季干旱和冬暖,蝗虫越冬卵的成活率高,冬季积雪对蝗卵具有保护作用,晚春的大幅度降温会导致蝗虫死亡率较高;春雨多和升温平稳能提高蝗卵孵化率;蝗卵胚胎发育期出现强降温,可明显降低蝗虫的出土率;蝗蝻期怕寒潮和强霜冻,一旦进入4龄期以后,蝗虫便具有了自主躲避外界不利条件的能力;越冬卵、胚胎发育阶段及蝗蝻3龄期以前的气象条件,对蝗虫的大暴发有重要的影响,可据此对蝗灾进行预警。 相似文献
15.
基于地面高光谱数据的东亚飞蝗危害程度监测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
20世纪80年代以来东亚飞蝗在中国再度猖獗,及时、准确地监测东亚飞蝗的危害程度,对于东亚飞蝗的有效防治有重要意义。本研究以河北省黄骅市为研究区,利用地面高光谱数据,分析和比较了正常生长芦苇和受蝗虫危害芦苇的冠层反射光谱和高光谱特征参数的差异,并建立了高光谱特征参数与芦苇叶面积指数（LAI）的关系模型。结果表明,其中的虫害光谱指数（DSI）最适用于反映研究区芦苇受蝗虫危害的程度。在此基础上,利用DSI对研究区蝗虫的危害程度进行了划分,即：DSI〉62.856未受危害;41.254≤DSI≤59.496轻度危害;DSI〈41.254严重危害。 相似文献
16.
以内蒙古自治区赤峰市为黄鼠鼠疫疫源地黄型地区，选择12个自然与人文指标，分析该地区环境变化的趋势和对鼠疫流行的影响。经聚类分析和矩阵运算，得出该地区环境-健康风险指数。在此基础上对不同环境-健康类型区的风险性进行综合评价。结果表明，城市化的地区，或者植被覆盖增大的地区，环境-健康风险均较低，发生鼠疫流行的可能性小，；环境基本保持原自然状态的地区，环境-健康风险性较高，环境恶化的地区，环境-健康风险性最高，再次流行鼠疫的可能性大。这提示我们，改善生态环境，是降低鼠疫疫源地环境-健康风险，预防鼠疫流行的根本途径。 相似文献
17.
遥感与GIS在蝗虫监测和预报中的应用前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
蝗灾是世界上重要自然灾害之一 ,蝗虫监测与预报因此成为各国管理部门的重要工作内容。新兴的遥感与GIS技术由于其在空间定位、信息获取、信息处理等方面的优势 ,必将成为该领域的重要研究手段。文中回顾和总结了国内外研究者利用遥感和GIS进行蝗虫监测和预报等方面的研究进展 ,并对其技术路线、发展趋势及存在问题进行了初步探讨 相似文献
18.
150年来中国鼠疫的医学地理评估 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文根据 1 840年以来我国鼠疫病情资料,选择 9种反映鼠疫病情的适宜指标,通过对 52 2个病区县的原始数据的正态分布检验,确定了百分位的分级标准。利用 GIS技术,分县、省两级进行病情指标分级及病情空间分布分析,在此基础上,采用因子分析法确立了评价鼠疫病情的综合指标,并据此对全国进行了按省、区和县为单元的鼠疫病情区划。结果表明,我国鼠疫流行分为南、北两大区域,南方的广东、云南、福建、广西、海南等省区为中国历史上成片的鼠疫病情严重区,北方的吉林、内蒙古、陕西病情亦较严重,应密切注意这些地区的鼠疫变化状况。 相似文献
19.
基于历史文献中的蝗灾记录,重建了1470~1949年山东省蝗灾县数序列。结果表明:1470~1949年,山东蝗灾规模没有显著的增减趋势,而是呈准周期性变化,其中主要周期为:2~3年,准5年,10~11年,16~18年,26~28年,80~100年。进一步分析发现:虽然温度变化与蝗灾规模在年代际尺度上相关不显著,但温暖气候却是蝗灾大爆发的必要条件,而寒冷气候则会限制蝗灾规模。夏季降水的年际变化与蝗灾县数呈显著负相关,即夏季干旱有利于蝗灾的大规模发生。尽管自20世纪50年代以来,人为的治蝗活动可能已经明显地影响了蝗灾变化规律,但未来数十年内气候持续增暖对其的影响仍不容忽视。 相似文献
20.
The effects of reforestation on carbon(C) sequestration in China′s Loess Plateau ecosystem have attracted much research attention in recent years. Black locust trees(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) are valued for their important use in reforestation and water and soil conservation efforts. This forest type is widespread across the Loess Plateau, and must be an essential component of any planning for C sequestration efforts in this fragile ecological region. The long-term effects of stand age on C accumulation and allocation after reforestation remains uncertain. We examined an age-sequence of black locust forest(5, 9, 20, 30, 38, and 56 yr since planting) on the Loess Plateau to evaluate C accumulation and allocation in plants(trees, shrubs, herbages, and leaf litter) and soil(0–100 cm). Allometric equations were developed for estimating the biomass of tree components(leaf, branch, stem without bark, bark and root) with a destructive sampling method. Our results demonstrated that black locust forest ecosystem accumulated C constantly, from 31.42 Mg C/ ha(1 Mg = 10~6 g) at 5 yr to 79.44 Mg C/ha at 38 yr. At the ′old forest′ stage(38 to 56 yr), the amount of C in plant biomass significantly decreased(from 45.32 to 34.52 Mg C/ha) due to the high mortality of trees. However, old forest was able to accumulate C continuously in soil(from 33.66 to 41.00 Mg C/ha). The C in shrub biomass increased with stand age, while the C stock in the herbage layer and leaf litter was age-independent. Reforestation resulted in C re-allocation in the forest soil. The topsoil(0–20 cm) C stock increased constantly with stand age. However, C storage in sub-top soil, in the 20–30, 30–50, 50–100, and 20–100 cm layers, was age-independent. These results suggest that succession, as a temporal factor, plays a key role in C accumulation and re-allocation in black locust forests and also in regional C dynamics in vegetation. 相似文献